Silver Nanoparticle Improves In Vitro Germination, Growth and Pigment Accumulation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the in vitro germination, growth, and pigment accumulation of Coffea arabica L. zygotic embryos. Embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with AgNPs at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L⁻¹, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results showed that AgNPs significantly improved the coefficient of velocity of germination and reduced mean germination time, with the most consistent effect observed at 0.5 mg L⁻¹. Morphological traits were also enhanced, with 1.0 mg L⁻¹ of AgNPs producing the longest shoots and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ of AgNPs inducing the longest roots and the earliest formation of true leaves. Pigment analysis revealed increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content under AgNPs supplementation, indicating enhanced photosynthetic capacity. The findings demonstrate that AgNPs, particularly at 0.5–1.0 mg L⁻¹, can accelerate germination, promote early growth, and enhance pigment accumulation in Arabica coffee embryos under in vitro conditions.